King's Lynn is an English market town in West Norfolk. This list details a selection of some of the more prominent buildings in the town.
Churches All Saints' Church
All Saints' Church () in South Lynn predates the Domesday Book of 1086, where it is described as All Hallows, in a reference to the founding of a Cluniac priory by Lord Ralph de Tony. The church is known today for the Anchorhold room located on the south side of a church. For a period of several centuries it was occupied by cloistered Anchorite women.Julian Litten, "The Forgotten Lynn Church: All Saints', Hillington Square, South Lynn", allsaintskingslynn.org.uk. Retrieved 25 October 2009. The church is Grade II* listed.
King's Lynn Minster (St Margaret's Church)
The construction of St Margaret's Church () in 1101 is the point at which King's Lynn first came into existence in terms of how it is now recognised today. Commissioned by the Bishop of Norwich, Herbert de Losinga, at the request of the townspeople 'in honour of the Holy Mary Magdalene and St Margaret and all holy virgins', the church is one of the town's most dominating landmarks."St Margaret's Website History Page", St Margaret's Website, 2003 Along with St Nicholas' church in Great Yarmouth, it was granted the honorific title of "minster" in 2011.
The most serious damage to the church occurred in 1741, when a great storm destroyed the spires of St Margaret's church and St Nicholas' Chapel as well as St Margaret's central lantern. Despite generous donations totalling £1,000 from George II and Robert Walpole, the £3,500 required was not raised, and the church was not able to be restored to its former glory.
The sixteen misericords date from 1370 to 1377. These predominately feature heads; for instance, S-02 is the head of Edward the Black Prince. The supporters are mainly floral / foliate.
The church is a Grade I listed building.
St Nicholas Chapel
St Nicholas Chapel () was constructed around 1200, during the expansion of Lynn by Bishop William Turbus, the third Bishop of Norwich. The expansion saw not only the construction of the chapel, but also the Tuesday Market Place, which is still the primary marketplace in the town today. Consequently, the chapel quickly became Lynn's second church by a comfortable margin. It was not long before it was so popular that it launched pleas to become an independent parish from St Margaret's Church; in 1426 St Nicholas Chapel had congregations of 1,400 – compared to 1,600 at St Margaret's. Despite this, it took until 1627 before the chapel obtained baptismal rights.
Due to its rise in popularity, and the fact that the north of Lynn became quite affluent, the chapel was rebuilt between 1380 and 1410 on a much larger scale in the grand perpendicular scale of the time.
The church is England's largest chapel of ease, a chapel dependent on a church and serving part of the parish for the convenience of parishioners nearby.
The church is most distinctive for its tall spire, although it is not the original. There were at least two spires previously – one of which was destroyed in the storm of 1741 (along with the spire and lantern of St Margaret's), and another which stood from 1749 to 1854 (described as 'never a regular spire but a kind of wooden extinguisher stuck on to be seen at sea')."King's Lynn, St Nicholas", Ball Family Records
The chapel is a Grade I listed building.
Historic buildings
St George's Guildhall
St George's Guildhall in King's Lynn is a Grade I listed building, currently in the ownership of the National Trust. At 32.6 x 8.8 m (107 x 29 feet), it is the oldest and largest complete medieval Guildhall in England, with an unrivalled history as a venue for theatrical production. At present it is leased by the Borough Council for hire by the public as a space for music, performances, lectures and entertainments.
Custom House
The King's Lynn Custom House () is one of the town's most iconic landmarks. It was designed by architect Henry Bell and built by Sir John Turner in 1683. It was not the first Custom House built for the town – originally one was constructed in 1620 on the site where the Hogge Mansion is currently located (currently occupied by Barclay's Bank); however, this was too small and as a result a larger one was needed; St George's Guildhall was used in the intervening years.
It is a Grade I listed building.
The building was described by architect Nikolaus Pevsner as "one of the most perfect buildings ever built"."Go to Norfolk for the last word in native intelligence", Telegraph.co.uk, 28 May 2005 He was an admirer of King's Lynn in general, also commenting that the walk from the Tuesday Market Place to the River (by the Custom House) was one of the finest in the world."Lynn walk unveils hidden gems", Diss Express, 17 March 2006
Greyfriars Tower
The Greyfriars Tower () is the only remaining part of the Franciscan monastery on this site, and one of only three surviving Franciscan monastery towers in England and is considered to be the finest."Greyfriars Tower ", King's Lynn & West Norfolk Borough Council Website It is a Grade I listed building.
Following the Dissolution of the Monasteries by Henry VIII, nearly all such monasteries were demolished. The tower at Lynn remained because it was considered to be a useful seamark by sailors entering the town, still being clearly visible on the town's skyline to this day.
The tower is informally referred to as 'the leaning tower of Lynn'"BBCi: Restoration – Series 1", BBCi Restoration Homepage"King's Lynn Online", King's Lynn Online"Borough Council of King's Lynn and West Norfolk ", BBCi Restoration Homepage as it leans dramatically to the west. At its worst, the lean was 67.5 centimetres – which given its height of more than 28 metres is just over 1 degree. This compares to 3.98 degrees on the Leaning Tower of Pisa."BBCi: Greyfriars Tower in King's Lynn", BBCi Norfolk
Although it was not believed to be in imminent danger of collapse, work was undertaken in 2006 to .
The tower itself was featured in the first season of the BBC TV series Restoration for the Eastern region.
South Gate
The South Gate () is one of the most recognisable structures in King's Lynn, as most visitors to the town still have to pass through it. Originally constructed in the 14th century, it was rebuilt in the 1450s, much in the form that is seen today. However the ashlar front, which gives the building a much more imposing impression, is merely a facade which was added in 1520; the structure itself is actually bricks and mortar, which given the date of construction makes it one of the oldest surviving brick structures in the country. It is a Grade I listed building.
Although the gate has stood largely unaltered since the 1520, it was modified later in the 19th century"South Gate ", King's Lynn & West Norfolk Borough Council Website with the two smaller arches to the side of the main one. Whilst the main arch was used for horse-drawn carriages, the smaller arches were intended for pedestrians – mainly the lower class. However, by the end of the 19th century the traffic demands had grown so much that in 1899 London Road was widened, and now the gate only straddles half of the road.
Today, traffic still passes through the arch to enter from the south. The structure is situated on London Road, one of the busiest roads in the town, meaning there is a constant stream of traffic through it during the day. Despite this, accidents are unheard of, as the arch can comfortably fit most forms of traffic from articulated lorries to double-decker buses.
Town Hall and Trinity Guildhall
The town hall of King's Lynn () has existed since the early fifteenth century, between 1422 and 1428,Francis Frith's "Around King's Lynn" by Barry Pardue, page 41 – when the Guildhall of the Holy Trinity was built. It is the most prominent feature of the town hall today with its steep arched roof, large window and chequered patterned exterior. The building was enlarged in 1624, when an extension with the same chequered style was added which now forms the main entrance to the town hall. The guildhall is a Grade I listed building.
The arms of Elizabeth I can be seen above the main window on this building. They were removed from St James' Church on 7 August 1624. The arms of Charles II are above them – they were added 40 years later.Francis Frith's "Around King's Lynn" by Barry Pardue, page 43 –
Corn Exchange
The Grade II listed facade of King's Lynn Corn Exchange, originally built in 1854, is a testimony to the glory of Victorian architecture. The hall itself is a simple brick rectangle with a glazed roof supported by delicate wrought-iron trusses. The building was still used for community events until the mid-1990s, although showing signs of age. A project to restore and enlarge it, as had been done with Cambridge Corn Exchange in the mid-1980s, was begun with the aim of creating a venue suitable for a wide range of cultural activities.
The Dukes Head hotel The Dukes Head is reputed to be one of the most haunted buildings in King's Lynn. It stands on the site of an ancient inn called the Gryffin. There is a grey lady, the man who reputedly shot himself in room 18 during the 18th century, and probably a host of other less spooktacular residents.
Red Mount
Sitting in the centre of The Walks, King's Lynn's main urban park, lies the Red Mount chapel (). Also known as 'Our Lady's Chapel' it is a remarkable building in that it is completely unique and no other building like it can be found. It was built in the 15th century to contain a relic of the Virgin, but was also used by pilgrims on their way to Walsingham.Francis Frith's "Around King's Lynn" by Barry Pardue, page 48 – .
It was built by Robert Corraunce on instructions from the Prior of Lynn. The inner core is divided into 3 storeys and there is an additional cross-shaped ashlar building in Ancaster stone on top.Francis Frith's "Around King's Lynn" by Barry Pardue, page 49 –
Before the renovation of the Walks, its location in the centre of the park meant it was the target of vandalism – particularly graffiti. However, since rejuvenating the Walks, the curious landmark is now open to the public during the day. It is a Grade I listed building. The Red Mount was the subject of a painting by Thomas Baines.
Library
The King's Lynn library () was funded and opened by philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. It is possible that he chose King's Lynn as a site for the library due to its close proximity to the Royal residence in Sandringham in an attempt to get a knighthood – however, this is probably a cynical point of view given Carnegie's history of financing libraries across the world, as well as his positive comments regarding King's Lynn and similar towns in his autobiography."Chapter 23", Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie It had a brief period of fame in May 2010 following reports in the national press that bouncers had been hired to keep order in the Library following incidences of anti-social behaviour. The ghostly monk who reputedly haunts the cellar is another matter however, at one time, female staff were apparently too scared to enter the area by themselves.
The library is built on the site of the Greyfriars monastery, and sits adjacent to the remains of the tower. The library is still in use today and is still the town's primary library, opening Monday to Saturday. It is situated on London Road, the main entrance to the town, opposite one of the entrances to the Walks, the town's main urban park.
Old county court house
The County Court was built in 1861 and closed in the recent years. It is now home to a firm of solicitors.
Theatre Royal
The Theatre Royal () is situated in St James Street next to the Greyfriars Tower. It is no longer used as a theatre and is now the home of Gala bingo. The present building replaced a previous structure that burnt down in May 1936.
The Majestic Cinema