The Salicaceae are the willow family of flowering plants. The traditional family (Salicaceae sensu stricto) includes the willows and poplars. Genetic studies summarized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) have greatly expanded the circumscription of the family to contain 56 genera and about 1220 species, including the tropical Scyphostegiaceae and many of the former Flacourtiaceae.Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008 (and more or less continuously updated since).
In the Cronquist system, the Salicaceae were assigned to their own order, Salicales, and contained three genera, Salix, Populus, and Chosenia (now a synonym of Salix). Recognized to be closely related to the Violaceae and Passifloraceae, the family is placed by the APG in the order Malpighiales.
Under the new circumscription, most members of the family are trees or shrubs that have simple leaves with alternate arrangement, and temperate members are usually deciduous. Most members have serrate or dentate leaf margins, and many of those that have such toothed margins exhibit salicoid teeth, a salicoid tooth being one in which a vein enters the tooth, expands, and terminates at or near the apex, near which are spherical and glandular protuberances called setae. Sometimes the glands will deflate and appear torus (doughnut) shaped. Some members of the family exhibit violoid or theoid teeth, characters along with presence of an aril and introrse anther dehiscence that are sometimes used to split the family into three families, Salicaceae sensu medio, Samydaceae, and Scyphostegiaceae.Samarakoon, T., and M.H. Alford. 2019. New Names and Combinations in Neotropical Samydaceae Novon 27: 65-71.Wurdack, K.J., and C.C. Davis. 2009. Malpighiales phylogenetics: Gaining ground on one of the most recalcitrant clades in the angiosperm tree of life American Journal of Botany 96: 1551-1570. Members of the family often have flowers which are reduced and inconspicuous, and all have ovaries that are superior or half-inferior with parietal placentation.
Genera by subfamily and tribe Salicaceae are divided into three subfamilies, with Salicoideae further divided into seven tribes. Several of these tribes are not monophyletic and await further revision. Salicoideae
Abatieae Abatia Ruiz & Pavón (now including Aphaerema) Bembicieae Bembicia Oliver Flacourtieae Azara Ruiz & Pavón Bennettiodendron Merrill Carrierea Franchet Dovyalis Arnott Flacourtia L'Heritier Idesia Maximowicz Itoa Hemsley Ludia de Jussieu Olmediella Baillon Oncoba Forsskahl Poliothyrsis Oliver Tisonia Baillon Xylosma G. Forster (now including Priamosia and Lasiochlamys) Homalieae Bartholomaea Standley & Steyermark Bivinia Tulasne Byrsanthus Guillemin Calantica Tulasne Dissomeria Bentham Homalium Jacquin Neopringlea S. Watson Trimeria Harvey Prockieae Ahernia Merrill Banara Aublet Hasseltia Kunth Hasseltiopsis Sleumer Macrohasseltia L. O. Williams Macrothumia M.H.Alford Neosprucea Sleumer Pineda Ruiz & Pavón Pleuranthodendron L. O. Williams Prockia L. Saliceae Populus L. †Pseudosalix Boucher, Manchester, & Judd Salix L. Scolopieae Hemiscolopia van Slooten Pseudoscolopia Gilg Scolopia Schreber
Samydoideae
Casearia Jacquin (including Hecatostemon, Laetia, Samyda, & Zuelania) Euceraea Martius Irenodendron Alford & Dement Lunania Hooker Neoptychocarpus Buchheim Ophiobotrys Gilg Osmelia Thwaites (now including Pseudosmelia)Alford, M.H. 2021. A taxonomic revision of Ophiobotrys, Osmelia, and Pseudosmelia (Samydaceae/Salicaceae s.l.) Brittonia 73: 393-409. Piparea Aublet Ryania Vahl Tetrathylacium Poeppig & Endlicher Trichostephanus Gilg
Scyphostegioideae Dianyuea C. Shang et al. Scyphostegia Stapf Incertae sedis †Saxifragispermum Reid & Chandler †Utkholokia (Cheleb.) Iljinskaja & Chelb.
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