Gymnopilus is a genus of gilled mushrooms within the fungal family Galerinaceae containing over 200Gymnopilus. Catalogue of Life. https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4RW3 rusty-orange spored mushroom species.
Description The fruit body is typically reddish brown to rusty orange to yellow, medium to large, often with a well-developed veil.
Similar genera Members of Pholiota and Cortinarius are easy to confuse with Gymnopilus. Pholiota can be distinguished by its viscid cap and duller (brown to cinnamon brown) spores, and Cortinarius grows on the ground. Beginners can confuse Gymnopilus with Galerina, which contains deadly poisonous species.
Taxonomy Gymnopilus was formerly divided among Pholiota and the defunct genus Flammula. The genus has over 200 species worldwide.
Psychoactive species Fourteen members of Gymnopilus contain psilocybin, although their bitter taste often deters recreational users. These species include G. aeruginosus, G. braendlei, G. cyanopalmicola, G. dilepis,G. intermedius, G. junonius, G. luteofolius, G. luteoviridis, G. luteus, G. purpuratus, G. subearlei, G. subpurpuratus, G. validipes and G. viridans. Subspecies of G. junonius from Japan are reported to contain psilocybin, while some western North American members do not.
Several species of Gymnopilus contain bis-noryangonin [4-hydroxy-6-(4-hydrostyryl)-2-pyrone] and hispidin, which are closely related to the alpha-pyrones found in kava.
Phylogeny A 2003 phylogenetic study identified five well-supported clades within Gymnopilus: the spectabilis-imperialis group nevadensis-penetrans group a clade formed by G. underwoodii, G. validipes and G. cf. flavidellus aeruginosus-luteofolius group lepidotus-subearlei group
Although the genus Gymnopilus was found to be monophyletic, the phylogenetically related groups do not support the traditional infrageneric classifications based on morphology.
Etymology The name means naked pileus.
Habitat Most members of Gymnopilus grow on wood but at times may appear terrestrial if the wood is buried or decomposed.
References
External links
Niskanen, T., Dentinger, B., Ainsworth, A. M., Kytövuori, I., Kim, J. T., Griffith, G. W., & Liimatainen, K. (2026). Re-shaping the family-level classification of Agaricineae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) using a phylogenomic approach. Studies in mycology, 113, 115–134. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2026.113.03 C.J. Alexopolous, Charles W. Mims, M. Blackwell et al., Introductory Mycology, 4th ed. (John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken NJ, 2004) Hesler, L. R. (1969). North American species of Gymnopilus. New York: Hafner. 117 pp.