The A3036 is an A road in London, England, running from Waterloo to Wandsworth.
Route It starts at the southern tip of the County Hall roundabout where the A302 Westminster Bridge, York Road and A23 Westminster Bridge Road all intersect.
Lambeth Palace Road This stretch of the route is called Lambeth Palace Road and heads southwest, past St Thomas' Hospital and at the southern end meets Palace itself, the London base of the Archbishop of Canterbury at the roundabout junction with the A3203 at Lambeth Bridge, where it runs along the south side of the Thames.
History The road was constructed in the 1860s at the same time as the Albert Embankment as part of the land reclamation that allowed the construction of St Thomas' Hospital. The road originally ran in a straight line parallel to the river, with views between the pavilion blocks of the hospital to the Thames.
Since the redevelopment of the hospital in the 1960s, the road now follows a route further inland, although its original alignment through the hospital as a continuation of Belvedere Road can still be seen between later buildings. Because the expansion of the hospital and the new road layout eliminated Stangate Triangle, a protected London square, an area of land on the east of the road was provided as an extension to Archbishop's Park in compensation.
Notable residents Thomas Neill Cream, serial killer, lodged at number 103, near St Thomas's Hospital, from 1891 to 1892.Shore, W. Teignmouth: "Thomas Neill Cream", in "Famous Trials 5", Hodge, James H. (ed), Penguin: 1955, p. 18
Albert Embankment
After this, the road is called Albert Embankment and continues to run alongside the river, until it passes the MI6 headquarters at the major junction known as Vauxhall Cross, where the A202 Vauxhall Bridge, Durham Street and Harleyford Road, the A203 South Lambeth Road, and the A3205 Nine Elms Lane all converge.
Albert Embankment is part of the river bank on the south side of the River Thames in Central London. It stretches approximately one mile (1.6 km) northward from Vauxhall Bridge to Westminster Bridge, and is located in the London Borough of Lambeth.
History The Albert Embankment was built for the Metropolitan Board of Works under the immediate direction of engineer John Grant (not Sir Joseph Bazalgette, as is commonly supposed; Bazalgette was chief engineer to the Board). It was commenced in September 1865, and opened in May 1868. The purpose was to create a new highway and open space, and to help even out irregularities in the riverfront (since malodorous mud accumulated* pp=530, 605-6, 610. in the wider places). It is sometimes said the Albert Embankment was created to prevent flooding in the Lambeth area,E.g. but that was not its purpose. In fact the Albert Embankment was built on arches to permit vessels to continue to access landside business premises, such as draw docks; these already had their own defensive walls — as did most of the tidal Thames. After the Embankment was completed, floods continued to occur owing to defects in these walls, pp. 7–8. (e.g. in 1877 and 1928). Any flood protection the Embankment gave was incidental., pp. 165, 173-4., pp. 131, 195-6.*, pp. 23-4.
Unlike Bazalgette's Thames Embankment (including Chelsea Embankment and Victoria Embankment), the Albert Embankment does not incorporate major interceptor sewers. This allowed the southern section of the embankment (upstream from Lambeth Bridge) to include a pair of tunnels onto a small slipway, named White Hart Draw Dock, whose origins can be traced back to the 14th century. This is contrary to the popular myth that the dock was built and used by the nearby Royal Doulton's pottery works to transport clay and finished goods to and from the Port of London. From spring 2009, refurbishment of White Hart Dock commenced as part of an ongoing public art project being delivered by Lambeth council."What's on" . London Borough of Lambeth. Retrieved on 4 January 2009.
Some of the reclaimed land was sold to the trustees of St Thomas' Hospital. To the north of Lambeth Bridge, the embankment is a narrower pedestrian promenade in front of the hospital, with motor traffic carried behind the hospital on Lambeth Palace Road.
In common with other 'Bazalgatte' works, the original embankment is adorned with sturgeon lamp standards to the designs of George Vulliamy. The southern limit of Bazalgatte's embankment was opposite Tinworth Street, where the road moves away from the riverside.
The stretch south of Tinworth Street was occupied by industrial and wharf premises until after World War II. These areas have subsequently been redeveloped as offices, with extensions to the embankment being constructed to a more utilitarian design than the Bazalgatte/Vulliamy stretch. Public pedestrian access to this newer embankment was only secured in the 1990s. Parts of this section of the embankment have a provisional appearance, as the landowners still have hopes for future redevelopment that could move the embankment line further into the river. However, encroachment of the tidal river bed habitat is contrary to the current planning policies of Lambeth.
Albert Embankment is also the name given to the part of the A3036 road between Vauxhall Bridge and Lambeth Bridge, where it adjoins Lambeth Palace Road and Lambeth Road. On the west side of this road adjacent to Vauxhall Bridge is the SIS Building, while on the east side nearer to Lambeth Bridge are the International Maritime Organization (IMO) building and the former headquarters of the London Fire Brigade. In the Thames opposite is London's only river fire station, home to two fireboats.
Wandsworth Road From Vauxhall, the route is then called Wandsworth Road until it crosses the A3216 Queenstown Road / Cedars Road junction in Battersea.
Lavender Hill At that point the street name changes to Lavender Hill, continuing until Clapham Junction.
Lavender Hill is a hill, and a shopping and residential street, near Clapham Junction in Battersea, south London. Lavender Hill forms the section of the A3036 as it rises eastwards out of the Falconbrook valley at Clapham Junction, and retains that name for approximately to the corner of Queenstown Road in Battersea, beyond which it is called Wandsworth Road towards Vauxhall.
History Origin of the name The earliest known reference to the name 'Lavender Hill' is in 1774 when a Mr Porter, advertising a reward for the return of his lost pony, described it as having strayed or been stolen from 'a Field on Lavender-Hill', suggesting that the name was already widely known. The road formed part of the Southwark to Kingston Turnpike from 1717.
The name refers to the commercial cultivation of lavender on the gentle north-facing slopes of this part of the Thames estuary – helped by well-drained soil, fresh air and several natural springs.
The first building to reflect the name was Lavender Hall on the south side of the road in 1790. The road itself, which ran just below the crest of the hill, was not widely referred to as Lavender Hill until the later 1800s. Several smaller streets developed in the Victoria era, including Lavender Gardens, Lavender Walk (an ancient farm lane) and Lavender Sweep, also reflect the area's historic lavender industry.
Early development
Until the 1860s Lavender Hill was mostly an area of open farmland, with small-scale development at both ends. At the western end there was a crossing of the Falconbrook river with several farms. The Chestnuts, a farmhouse built in 1812, survived and has been incorporated into the modern street plan halfway along Mossbury Road.The Buildings of Clapham - The Clapham Society, edited by Alyson Wilson, page 189 The earliest reference to the still-existing Falcon public house at the west end of the street is in 1767.
After the 1780s a few large villas were built on the hillside, owned by wealthy residents attracted by the expansive views over Battersea Fields and the Thames towards London. The earliest was Rush Hill House, developed in around 1770, whose fate was typical of many of these early buildings: as the area developed, its grounds were sold off in 1872 and developed as a new street and terrace of houses (Rush Hill Terrace), and the house itself survived until 1887 before being replaced by a further terrace of houses (Crombie Mews).
Lavender Place was developed in around 1826 as a row of cottages at the eastern end of what is now Lavender Hill. The clean air and supply of fresh water meant Lavender Place became home in the early-to-mid nineteenth century to several laundresses, who bleached and dried linen on the grassland behind the houses. Lavender Place extended some distance into what is now Wandsworth Road, and remained a separate street for many years (one ceramic street name for 'Lavender Place' is still visible). An acetic acid distillery, Beaufoy's Acetic Acid Works, was also located at the eastern end (for many years a public house called the Beaufoy remained at this end of Lavender Hill; the only surviving trace of the distillery is now a short street called Beaufoy Road).Vauxhall Civic Society - Beaufoy Vinegar Factory In the 1870s the houses on Lavender Terrace were adapted to form a terrace of shops, and the houses on Lavender Place were eventually renumbered to become part of Lavender Hill.
Victorian era The opening of Clapham Junction railway station in 1863 led to rapid residential and commercial development along the street, with construction of a large number of houses as well as many major civic and commercial buildings. By 1885 it was such a busy commercial district that Arding & Hobbs, the largest department store south of the River Thames, was built.
The imposing Church of the Ascension, designed by James Brooks, was built in 1883 to cater to the growing population of the neighbouring Shaftesbury Estate. A Welsh Methodist chapel was built on Beauchamp Road, reflecting what was once a significant Welsh population.Rootsweb listing of Welsh chapels in London, including Welsh chapel at 30 Beauchamp Road
Battersea Central Library was opened in March 1890, following an architectural competition that was won by Edward William Mountford (who also designed the Old Bailey) with a mildly Flemish Renaissance design that was described as "inexpensively devised and designed to not needlessly clash with the adjoining houses which are of the speculating builders' type of work".Survey of London, Volume 49: Battersea - Chapter 1, Public Buildings - Bartlett School of Architecture It quickly proved popular and saw several subsequent extensions, notably with the addition in 1924 of a reference library on Altenburg Gardens (in a part of the original plot that had originally been intended for a museum) that was designed by Henry Hyams.
Battersea Town Hall was opened in 1893, as the administrative headquarters of the Metropolitan Borough of Battersea, and the large Grade II* listed building is one of Lavender Hill's most prominent features. When the Borough was abolished in 1965, the Town Hall became redundant. After being threatened with demolition for some years, plans to build a new library and swimming pool on the site were finally rejected following a campaign by residents to save the building, and it was then converted into a community arts centre in 1974.Battersea Arts Centre - Our History The Battersea Arts Centre is now a major arts venue.
The Shakespeare Theatre was built in 1896, next to the Town Hall. It was severely damaged in the Second World War, before being demolished in 1957 and replaced by an office building called Shakespeare House.