Rodolphus is a Latin form of the name Rudolf. Notable people with this name include:
Real people Rodolphus Agricola (1443–1485), humanist scholar Rodolphus Dickinson (1797–1849), US Representative R. Holland Duell (1824–1891), United States Representative from New York Rodolphus de Sancto Trudone (c. 1070–1138), Benedictine abbot
Fictional characters Rodolphus Lestrange, Death Eater from the Harry Potter series