Chaplygin (masculine) or Chaplygina (feminine; also masculine genitive) may refer to:
People Sergey Chaplygin (1869–1942), Russian/Soviet physicist Stanislav Chaplygin (b. 1967), retired Russian professional association football player Valery Chaplygin (b. 1952), Soviet Olympic cyclist Yury Chaplygin, Russian academician
Places Chaplygin Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which Chaplygin Town Under District Jurisdiction in Chaplyginsky District of Lipetsk Oblast is incorporated as Chaplygin (inhabited locality) (Chaplygina), several inhabited localities in Russia Chaplygin (crater), a lunar crater named after Sergey Chaplygin 4032 Chaplygin, a minor planet
See also Chaplygin gas Chaplygin problem Chaplygin sleigh Chaplygin's equation Chaplyginsky District