Sidelnikov (masculine, ) or Sidelnikova (feminine, ), also Romanized as Sydelnykov, is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alexander Sidelnikov (1950–2003), Russian Soviet ice hockey player Andrei Gennadyevich Sidelnikov (born 1980), Russian-born Kazakh footballer Andriy Sidelnikov (born 1967), Ukrainian Soviet footballer Anton Sidelnikov (born 1981), Russian footballer Kirill Sidelnikov (born 1988), Russian mixed martial artist Nikolaï Sidelnikov (1930–1992), Russian Soviet composer