Stabio is a municipality in the district of Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
History
Stabio is first mentioned in 1067 as Stabio.
Excavations in the area around S. Pietro have found evidence of continuous settlements from about 400 BC to the 7th century AD. There are burial grounds from the Iron Age followed by a burial ground and patrician residential structures from the Roman era, traces of the cult of Mercury and numerous Lombards graves. In 1999, the rich grave goods of a Lombard warrior were discovered.
In 1181, the Orelli family of Locarno gained the tithe rights in the region from the Bishop of Como. In 1275, both the monastery of S. Abbondio in Como and the Benedictine abbey of Sant'Ambrogio in Milan owned property and rights in Stabio.
On 22 October 1876 a serious clash between conservatives and liberals in Stabio claimed three lives, which led to a Federal mediation between the two sides.
Religiously, Stabio belonged to the Vicariate of Mendrisio, from which it separated itself in 1575. The old parish church of SS. Pietro e Lucia, dates back to the 7th century, and was rebuilt in the 12th and 13th centuries. The current parish church of SS. Giacomo e Cristoforo martire is first mentioned in 1275. It was rebuilt at the end of the 16th century and expanded in the 18th and 20th centuries.
Traditionally, the main occupations were agriculture, livestock tending, and viticulture. Due to limited farming land, there was some emigration of artisans and artists, first to the cities of northern Italy and central Italy, and later overseas. In the 19th century, the silk and later the tobacco industry developed in the municipality. The first factory in Stabio was the Realini shirt factory which was founded in 1902. It was acquired in 1976 by the Ermenegildo Zegna Group; in 2005 it had 900 employees. The hot springs were discovered in 1850 and led to the establishment of mineral baths in Stabio. The water is still being used for therapeutic treatments at the beginning of the 21st century.
In 1926 the Mendrisio–Stabio railway was opened, but closed after only two years in operation. Since the 1960s, the municipality has experienced a boom in the food, engineering, textiles and clothing as well as electric and hybrid vehicle industries. In 2005, 73% of the jobs in Stabio, many filled by commuters, were in the manufacturing sector.
Since 1981, Stabio is home to the Museum of the Agricultural Culture of Mendrisio Valley.
Geography Stabio has an area, , of . Of this area, or 51.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 31.2% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 29.1% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.2% is either rivers or lakes and or 1.3% is unproductive land.
Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 8.3% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 13.2% and transportation infrastructure made up 5.0%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 2.1% of the area Out of the forested land, 26.2% of the total land area is heavily forested and 5.0% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 32.0% is used for growing crops, while 6.5% is used for orchards or vine crops and 13.2% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.Altitudine, superficie, secondo il genere di utilizzazione, rilevazione 1992/1997, e densità della popolazione, nel 2000 accessed 25 October 2010
The municipality is located in the Mendrisio district, on the Italian border. It consists of the village of Stabio with the settlements of San Pietro and Gaggiolo.
Coat of arms The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Per fess gules on a bend argent inscription STAB sable and azure a castle or issuant from coupeaux vert.Flags of the World.com accessed 3 February 2011
Demographics Stabio has a population () of . , 23.0% of the population are resident foreign nationals.Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Superweb database – Gemeinde Statistics 1981-2008 accessed 19 June 2010 Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of 17.3%.Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 3 February 2011
Most of the population () speaks Italian language (3,204 or 88.3%), with German being second most common (184 or 5.1%) and French being third (44 or 1.2%). There are 3 people who speak Romansh.
, the gender distribution of the population was 49.1% male and 50.9% female. The population was made up of 1,569 Swiss men (36.7% of the population), and 528 (12.4%) non-Swiss men. There were 1,738 Swiss women (40.7%), and 439 (10.3%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality 1,169 or about 32.2% were born in Stabio and lived there in 2000. There were 938 or 25.9% who were born in the same canton, while 381 or 10.5% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 1,100 or 30.3% were born outside of Switzerland.
In there were 31 live births to Swiss citizens and 6 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 24 deaths of Swiss citizens and 5 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 7 while the foreign population increased by 1. There were 2 Swiss men who emigrated from Switzerland and 7 Swiss women who immigrated back to Switzerland. At the same time, there were 16 non-Swiss men and 18 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 99 and the non-Swiss population remained the same. This represents a population growth rate of 2.4%.
The age distribution, , in Stabio is; 492 children or 11.5% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 515 teenagers or 12.0% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 390 people or 9.1% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 670 people or 15.7% are between 30 and 39, 787 people or 18.4% are between 40 and 49, and 553 people or 12.9% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 449 people or 10.5% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 246 people or 5.8% are between 70 and 79, there are 172 people or 4.0% who are over 80.01.02.03 Popolazione residente permanente accessed 23 November 2010
, there were 1,428 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 1,833 married individuals, 207 widows or widowers and 159 individuals who are divorced.STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 – 2000 accessed 2 February 2011
, there were 1,447 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.5 persons per household. There were 410 households that consist of only one person and 73 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 1,450 households that answered this question, 28.3% were households made up of just one person and 24 were adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 306 married couples without children, 596 married couples with children There were 89 single parents with a child or children. There were 22 households that were made up unrelated people and 3 households that were made some sort of institution or another collective housing.
there were 603 single family homes (or 66.6% of the total) out of a total of 905 inhabited buildings. There were 228 multi-family buildings (25.2%), along with 23 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (2.5%) and 51 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (5.6%). Of the single family homes 14 were built before 1919, while 133 were built between 1990 and 2000. The greatest number of single family homes (148) were built between 1919 and 1945.Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB – Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 – Gebäude und Wohnungen accessed 28 January 2011
there were 1,654 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 4 rooms of which there were 532. There were 39 single room apartments and 435 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 1,441 apartments (87.1% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 164 apartments (9.9%) were seasonally occupied and 49 apartments (3.0%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 10.7 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 1%.
The historical population is given in the following chart:Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850-2000 accessed 29 January 2011
Sights The entire town of Stabio is designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.
Politics In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the CVP which received 25.81% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP (22.47%), the SP (19.76%) and the Ticino League (18.45%). In the federal election, a total of 1,254 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 48.5%.Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton accessed 28 May 2010
In the Gran Consiglio election, there were a total of 2,600 registered voters in Stabio, of which 1,634 or 62.8% voted. 39 blank ballots and 3 null ballots were cast, leaving 1,592 valid ballots in the election. The most popular party was the PLRT which received 370 or 23.2% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the PPD+GenGiova (with 325 or 20.4%), the PS (with 289 or 18.2%) and the SSI (with 262 or 16.5%). Elezioni cantonali: Gran Consiglio, Consiglio di Stato accessed 23 November 2010
In the Consiglio di Stato election, 40 blank ballots and 6 null ballots were cast, leaving 1,591 valid ballots in the election. The most popular party was the PLRT which received 352 or 22.1% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the PS (with 325 or 20.4%), the PPD (with 320 or 20.1%) and the LEGA (with 296 or 18.6%).
Economy , Stabio had an unemployment rate of 4.46%. , there were 39 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 10 businesses involved in this sector. 2,875 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 65 businesses in this sector. 1,003 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 155 businesses in this sector. There were 1,796 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 39.9% of the workforce.
the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 4,206. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 23, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 3,089, of which 2,862 or (92.7%) were in manufacturing and 215 (7.0%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 1,094. In the tertiary sector; 568 or 51.9% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 131 or 12.0% were in the movement and storage of goods, 39 or 3.6% were in a hotel or restaurant, 10 or 0.9% were in the information industry, 21 or 1.9% were the insurance or financial industry, 53 or 4.8% were technical professionals or scientists, 67 or 6.1% were in education and 85 or 7.8% were in health care.Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1-3 accessed 28 January 2011
, there were 6,131 workers who commuted into the municipality and 1,155 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 5.3 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 44.5% of the workforce coming into Stabio are coming from outside Switzerland, while 1.0% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work.Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Statweb accessed 24 June 2010 Of the working population, 5.6% used public transportation to get to work, and 69.2% used a private car.
Religion