Monoacylglycerol lipase (EC 3.1.1.23; systematic name glycerol-ester acylhydrolase, also known as MAG lipase, acylglycerol lipase, MAGL, MGL or MGLL) is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the MGLL gene. MAGL is a 33-kDa, membrane-associated member of the serine hydrolase superfamily and contains the classical GXSXG consensus sequence common to most serine hydrolases. The catalytic triad has been identified as Ser122, His269, and Asp239.
Function
Monoacylglycerol lipase catalyzes a reaction that uses water molecules to break (hydrolysis) the glycerol monoesters of long-chain fatty acids.
It functions together with hormone-sensitive lipase (LIPE) to hydrolyze intracellular triglyceride stores in adipocytes and other cells to fatty acids and glycerol. MGLL may also complement lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in completing hydrolysis of monoglycerides resulting from degradation of lipoprotein triglycerides.
Monoacylglycerol lipase is a key enzyme in the hydrolysis of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). It converts monoacylglycerols to the free fatty acid and glycerol. The contribution of MAGL to total brain 2-AG hydrolysis activity has been estimated to be ~85% (ABHD6 and ABHD12 are responsible for ~4% and ~9%, respectively, of the remainder), and this in vitro estimate has been confirmed in vivo by the selective MAGL inhibitor JZL184. Chronic inactivation of MAGL results in massive (>10-fold) elevations of brain 2-AG in mice, along with marked compensatory downregulation of CB1 receptors in selective brain areas.
Inhibitors MAGL enzyme inhibitors, for instance URB-602, URB-754, and JZL-184, produce cannabinoid-like behavioral effects in mice.
Further examples include:
KML-29 JZL-195 – dual MAGL and FAAH inhibitor JW-642
As well as the following compounds which are under pharmaceutical development:
Elcubragistat (ABX-1431; Lu AG06466) Irafamdastat (BMS-986368; CC-97489) – dual MAGL and FAAH inhibitor PF-06818883 RG-6182 Small molecule MGLLi
See also Endocannabinoid enhancer Endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor Triacylglycerol lipase Fatty acid amide hydrolase
References
External links
Monoglyceride lipase (MGLL) Human Protein Atlas