Panama's foreign relations are conventional in outlook, with Panama being especially aligned with United States since the 1989 US invasion to topple the regime of General Manuel Noriega. The United States cooperates with the Panamanian government in promoting economic, political, security, and social development through U.S. and international agencies.

Diplomatic relations List of countries which Panama maintains diplomatic relations with: #CountryDate 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 — (suspended)8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 — 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35— 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 818283 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 — 142 143 144 145 146147 148149 150 151152 153154155156157158159160—161162163

Bilateral relations Country Formal Relations BeganNotesSee Canada–Panama relations

Canada has an embassy in Panama City. Panama has an embassy in Ottawa and consulates-general in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver.See China–Panama relations and Panama–Taiwan relations.

Panama established a diplomatic relationship with the Qing dynasty in 1909. After the Xinhai Revolution, Panama recognized the establishment of the Republic of China (ROC), and retained diplomatic ties with the ROC until 2017. According to diplomatic cables published by WikiLeaks, in 2009, after President Ricardo Martinelli took office, Panama wished to switch diplomatic relations from the ROC to the People's Republic of China (PRC). This was rejected by the PRC, which did not want to disrupt its improving diplomatic relations with the ROC during the ROC Presidency of Ma Ying-jeou.

On June 12, 2017, President Juan Carlos Varela announced that Panama has established a diplomatic relationship with People's Republic of China, and Panama has severed diplomatic relationship with the Republic of China (Taiwan).1 March 1908 Chile has an embassy in Panama City.Embassy of Chile in Panama City Panama has an embassy in Santiago and a consulate-general in Valparaíso.Embassy of Panama in Santiago de Chile9 July 1924See Colombia–Panama relations29 December 1903See Costa Rica–Panama relations See India–Panama relations

Panama is the first country in Central America where India established a resident embassy in 1973. Bilateral commercial and trade relations are steadily growing between India and Panama, with Panama seen as the gateway for expansion into Latin America. India has an embassy in Panama City. Panama has an embassy in New Delhi and a consulate-general in Mumbai.27 August 2013Panama officially recognised the independence of the Republic of Kosovo on 16 January 2009.Panama recognised independent state of Kosovo, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2009-01-16 Kosovo and Panama established diplomatic relations on 27 August 2013, following the establishment of diplomatic relations Kosovo announced it would be opening an embassy in Panama and that this embassy would be Kosovo's 'gateway to Latin America'.Panamá puerta de entrada de Kosovo a América Latina , Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de la República de Panamá, 2013-08-27 (in Spanish)

Kosovo has an embassy in Panama City. 29 May 1923See Mexico–Panama relations

Mexico has an embassy in Panama City. Panama has an embassy in Mexico City and a consulate-general in Veracruz City.Embassy of Panama in Mexico City (in Spanish)2 March 190821 November 1903See Panama–Russia relations

Panama has an embassy in Moscow. Russia has an embassy in Panama city.1 June 1979-21 November 2024See Panama–Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic relations

Panama was the first Latin American country on recognizing the SADR in 1978, during the military rule of Omar Torrijos. Panama also has the oldest Sahrawi embassy in Latin America. Relations were suspended from 20 November 2013 to 7 January 2016;. Diplomatic relations were suspended in November 2024.2006Both countries established diplomatic relations on July 17, 2006. Both countries are full members of the Organization of American States.1953Both countries have established diplomatic relations in 1953. A number of bilateral agreements have been concluded and are in force between both countries.1995Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1995. Panama has an embassy Pretoria. South Africa is accredited to Panama from its embassy in Lima, Peru.30 September 1962See Panama–South Korea relations Panama has an embassy in Seoul. South Korea has an embassy in Panama City.10 May 1904See Panama–Spain relations

Panama has an embassy in Madrid and consulates-general in A Coruña, Barcelona, Las Palmas and Valencia. Spain has an embassy in Panama City.20 August 1982Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 August 1982. Thailand is accredited to Panama from its embassy in Santiago, Chile.21 September 1950See Panama–Turkey relations Panama has an embassy in Ankara. Turkey has an embassy in Panama. Trade volume between the two countries was US$260.9 million in 2019 (Panamanian exports/imports: 12.1/248.8 million USD).See Panama–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 9 April 1908. Panama maintains an embassy in London. The United Kingdom is accredited to Panama from its embassy in Panama City.

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Central America–United Kingdom Association Agreement. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention, and an Investment Agreement.13 November 19033 April 1964See Panama–United States relations Panama has an embassy in Washington, D.C., and consulates-general in Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York City, Philadelphia and Tampa.Embassy of Panama in Washington, D.C. United States has an embassy in Panama City.Embassy of the United States in Panama City28 October 1904See Panama–Uruguay relations1717 Severed Relations in 2024See Panama–Venezuela relations

See also List of diplomatic missions in Panama List of diplomatic missions of Panama

References

Further reading

Ealy, Lawrence O. The Republic of Panama in world affairs, 1903-1950 (U of Pennsylvania Press, 1951). online Farnsworth, David N., and James W. McKenney. US-Panama relations, 1903–1978: A study in linkage politics (Routledge, 2020). Major, John. "‘Pro mundi beneficio’? The Panama Canal as an international issue, 1943–8." Review of International Studies 9.1 (1983): 17–34. Williams Jr, Harold E. Panamanian-US Relations Towards 2000: An Opportunity for Partnership (Naval Postgraduate School, 1995) online.