The BOR-4 (БОР-4 , , "Unpiloted Orbital Rocketplane 4") flight vehicle is a scaled (1:2) prototype of the Soviet Spiral VTHL (vertical takeoff, horizontal landing) spaceplane. An uncrewed, subscale spacecraft, its purpose was to test the heatshield tiles and reinforced carbon-carbon for the Buran space shuttle, then under development.
Several of them were built and flown between 1982 and 1984 from the Kapustin Yar launch site at speeds of up to Mach 25, using K65-RB5 variant of Kosmos-3M launch vehicle. After reentry, they were designed to parachute to an ocean splashdown for recovery by the Soviet Navy. The testing was nearly identical to that carried out by the US Air Force ASSET program in the 1960s, which tested the heatshield design for the X-20 Dyna-Soar. On 16 March 1983 a Royal Australian Air Force P-3 Orion reconnaissance aircraft captured the first Western images of the craft as it was recovered by a Soviet ship near the Cocos Islands.
Flights Seven BOR were built, and four confirmed flights took place between 1982 and 1984. All orbital flights were launched using Kosmos-3M rockets at the Kapustin Yar launch complex in Astrakhan Oblast, Russia +BOR-4 test flights Mission Launch date(UTC) Landing date(UTC) Recovery site Orbit Duration(in orbit) Outcome Kosmos 1374 3 June 198221:36 3 June 198223:04 Indian Ocean 158 x 204 km Kosmos 1445 15 March 198322:33 16 March 198300:25 Indian Ocean 158 x 208 km Kosmos 1517 27 December 198310:04 27 December 198311:46 Black Sea 212 x 217 km Kosmos 1614 19 December 198404:04 19 December 198405:26 Black Sea 174 x 223 km . Spacecraft lost at sea during recovery
Current locations BOR-4S nº401 – Zhukovsky, Moscow Oblast, Russia BOR-4 – Zhukovsky, Moscow Oblast, Russia
See also HL-20 Personnel Launch System Dream Chaser
References
External links
Detailed page on BORs