Targum may mean: any of the Aramaic translations of the Bible known as Targumim. Most traditional Jews today focus all their learning of Aramaic texts on Targum Onkelos and on Targum Jonathan . in medieval Jewish usage, the Aramaic language in general. Targum (Aramaic dialect), sometimes used as a term for certain modern dialects of Judaeo-Aramaic, including that spoken by the Jews of Kurdistan. The Daily Targum, official student newspaper of Rutgers University. Targum Press, an Orthodox Jewish publishing house.