Straube is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Emil J. Straube (born 1952), Swiss and American mathematician Erich Straube (1887–1971), German general Karl Straube (1873–1950), German church musician, organist, and choral conductor Kasper Straube (15th century), German printer (1717–1785), German composer, J. S. Bach's pupil
See also Straub Straube Piano Company