The Four Mansions (), also known as the Four Grand Residences, were four elaborate Chinese-style mansions built by four Teochew businessmen – Tan Seng Poh, Seah Eu Chin, Wee Ah Hood, and Tan Yeok Nee – in late 19th-century in Singapore. Of the four houses only one, the House of Tan Yeok Nee, has survived and since been declared as a national monument.
The earliest of the four was built by Tan Seng Poh in 1869. Subsequent houses by Seah, Wee, and Tan Yeok Nee were built in 1872, 1878, and 1885, respectively. Tan Seng Poh's house was used by both him and the Chinese consul to Singapore, being demolished in 1904 and replaced by shophouses. Seah's house was used by him and his family before it was demolished sometime after World War II, currently being the land which the Parliament House sits on.
Wee would live in his house until his death in 1875, wherein his son rented it out for parties. It would be occupied by the General Chinese Trade Affairs Association in 1906, where they planned to redevelop the land into a five-storey building. After the war, it would finally be redeveloped in 1963. Tan Yeok Nee's house would be his main residence before he sold it to the Federated Malay States Railways for their nearby extension of their railway; he would move back to Chaozhou, China. Ownership of his house would be passed around before eventually being given to the Salvation Army, who occupied the house from 1938 to 1991. Following its selling to Wing Tai in 1996, they would begin restoration efforts of the house in 1999. The current owner of the house is Indonesian businessman Bachtiar Karim.
House of Tan Seng Poh
Background
Tan Seng Poh was born sometime in 1830 in Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia, when it was still a part of the Federated Malay States. His father was the first Kaptian China of Perak.Song, O.S.: One Hundred Years’ History of the Chinese in Singapore. John Murray, London (1923) When he turned nine, his sister brought him with her to Singapore under British rule, where he would receive his education. Tan's family became in-laws with the Gambier King when Tan's sister married Seah Eu Chin. Tan had a short stint managing the Seah family business, earning himself a reputation for being a major figure as a pepper and gambier merchant. Tan was also known for being the chief revenue farmer for the Singapore and Johore opium and spirit farms.Trocki, C.A.: Prince of Pirates: the Temenggongs and the Development of Johor and Singapore 1784–1885. NUS Press, Singapore (2007) Notably, Tan served on the Municipal Commission as the first Chinese member for three terms and had close relations with the Sultan of Johore. He died on 18 December 1879.
House Tan's house was built in 1869 at Hill Street; his house was the first of the Four Mansions. Tan's house occupied land measuring 21,512 square feet (1,998.53 square meters).Singapore Land Authority: Index of Lands Book, Book 96, p. 224. Singapore Land Authority, Singapore (1887) The exact address of the Houe of Tan Poh Seng was 58 Hill Street. It was located between Hill Street and Armenian Street and it shared the same main entrance facing with Albion Hotel which was located at 59 Hill Street and the mansion's back was alongside the Zetland House (18 Armenian Street).Singapore Land Authority: Index of Lands Book, Book 51, p. 255. Singapore Land Authority, Singapore (1887)Singapore Land Authority: Index of Lands Book, Book 94, p. 338. Singapore Land Authority, Singapore (1887) Armenian Street was aptly and colloquially known as Seng Po toa chu au, meaning behind Seng Poh's grand mansion then.Firmstone, H.W.: Chinese names of streets and places in Singapore and the Malay peninsula. J. Straits Branch R. Asiat. Soc. 42, 58–59 (1905) His house was also the office of Zuo Binglong, the first Chinese consul to Singapore after he was appointed by the Qing government in 1881. Tan lived in his house till his death in 1879. Though the house was transferred to Tan's wife Yeo Goh Neo and his two sons Tan Keng Swee and Tan Keng Wah, the house did not remain with the family due to mortgage debt.Supreme Court of the Straits Settlements. The Eastern Mortgage Bank v Yeo Goh Neo and others: suit no. 242. Supreme Court of the Straits Settlements, Singapore (1892) Its final ownership would land on Loke Yew who would eventually built a row of 17 shophouses and a street on the location of the House of Tan Poh Seng.Tomlinson and Tian Fook. Plan shewing seventeen shophouses to be erected in & between Hill Street & Armenian Street for Loke Yew esq. Manuscript, Singapore (1902) Based on the timeline of events and the completion of the shophouse in early 1904, it was safe to say that the Houe of Tan Poh Seng was most likely demolished between late 1902 and 1903.Plan shewing gates to be erected in reserve rd between Armenian St & Hill Street addition to passed plan no. 5683. Manuscript, Singapore (1904) No photographs of his house exist.
House of Seah Eu Chin
Background
Seah Eu Chin was born in 1805 and lived in a village in Theng-hai, Swatow, China, before moving to Singapore in 1823. He travelled to Singapore aboard a junk while working as its clerk; he would continue working as a clerk for five years. He and his sons, Seah Cheo Seah and Seah Liang Seah would go on to have a very successful trading business and own multiple plots of land, on which Seah grew gambier and pepper. Such was his success that he became known as the Gambier King. He retired in 1864 and died on 23 September 1883.
House
The House of Seah Eu Chin occupied a land area of 18,677 square feet (1,735.15 square meters) and was located at 13 Boat Quay, alongside the Singapore River.Singapore Land Authority: Index of Lands Book, Book 84, p. 320. Singapore Land Authority, Singapore (1887) It was then known as Chin Heng toa cchu or Chin Heng Grand Mansion, with Chin Heng being the name of Seah's business.
The House of Seah Eu Chin was a courtyard mansion-style that was made up of both Straits Settlements and Chaozhou architectural styles. Houses in these styles typically included a Teochew gate which led to the foreyard of the house, which had a storied shophouse look instead of Chaozhou typology.
Upon his death in 1883, the property stayed with the Seah family before Seah's grandsons, Seah Eng Kiat and Seah Eng Kun sold it on 30 December 1918 to Guthrie and Company Limited for $392,217.Singapore Land Authority, Registry of Deeds. Copy of assignment to be registered on behalf of Guthrie and Company Limited a company incorporated in the Colony of the Straits Settlements and having its registered office in Singapore. Singapore Land Authority, Singapore (1918) Between 1938 and 1941, in the midst of proposing new building plans to the Municipal authorities to build new godowns on the premise,Swan and Maclaren. Proposed new godowns North Boat Quay for Messrs Guthrie & Co Ltd. Manuscript, Singapore (1938) the House of Sah Eu Chin was demolished during this time. The land was eventually acquired by the State on 30 September 1971, and today sits the Parliament House.
House of Wee Ah Hood
Background
Wee Ah Hood was born in 1828. His father was Wee Ah Heng, who plied the Selangor-Singapore route as a trader. His father died when Wee Ah Hood was six months old. Wee worked his way up from as a humble assistant in a cloth-dealer's shop along Telok Ayer Street to being a prominent pepper and gambier trader.Wright, A., Cartwright, H.A.: Twentieth Century Impressions of British Malaya: Its History, People, Commerce, Industries, and Resources. Lloyd’s Greater Britain Publishing Company Ltd, London (1908) Wee Ah Hood was also the father of Wee Kim Yam who was a highly successful businessman actively involved in Chinese public affairs in Singapore. Wee Ah Hood would eventually pass away in his home on 12 March 1875.Singapore Land Authority, Registry of Deeds. Copy of a deed of covenant to be registered on behalf of Wee Kim Yam, Wee Kim Eng and Wee Cheng Whatt of No. 133 Teluk Ayer Street Singapore traders. Singapore Land Authority, Singapore (1895)
House Wee Ah Hood's house stood diagonally opposite Tan Seng Poh's mansion. Wee's house was built and located at 49 Hill Street in 1878 (presently 47 Hill Street), coming to be known as Dafudi (). Following his death in 1875, the ownership of the house was transferred to his wife Khoo Chwee Neo and his sons. Between the late 1889 to April 1892, Wee Ah Hood's sons had rented out the house to Knight & Co., a furniture-maker as a factory and a showroom.The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (Weekly). Knight & Co. Newspaper article, p. 804 (1889)The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser. Knight & Co. Newspaper article, p. 2 (1892) [his house would be rented out for parties by his son Wee Kim Yam. Despite selling the house on 30 December 1899 to Syed Mohamed bin Ahmed al-Sagoff for $22,000,Singapore Land Authority, Registry of Deeds. Copy of an indenture of assignment to be registered on behalf of Syed Mohamed bin Ahmed al Sagoff of no. 12 Battery Road Singapore merchant. Singapore Land Authority, Singapore (1899) Wee Kim Yam would in turn rent it back from Sagoff for $131 a month.Singapore Land Authority, Registry of Deeds. Copy of an indenture of lease to be registered on behalf of Wee Kim Yam of no Teluk Ayer Street Singapore trader. Singapore Land Authority, Singapore (1899) In doing so, Wee Kim Yam would rent it out to St.Mary's College to be used by St. Mary's Home, a boarding home and kindergarten for girls from January 1900 to April 1905.The Straits Times. Notice, St Mary’s Home, 49, Hill Street. Newspaper article, p. 2 (1900a)The Straits Times. Saint Mary’s. Newspaper article, p. 2 (1900b)The Straits Times. To be let. Newspaper article, p. 6 (1905) Eventually, the sale of the house would be finalized and ownership transferred to the Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce (SCCC) on 11 April 1912, and SCCC is still residing at this site in this present day.Singapore Land Authority, Registry of Deeds. Copy of assignment to be registered on behalf of the Financial Board of the Chinese Chamber of Commerce Singapore. Singapore Land Authority, Singapore (1912)
In 1939, Singaporean businessman Tan Lark Sye and the Chamber's President Lee Kong Chian noted plans to build a five-storey building over the house; these plans would later be halted due to World War II. Following the end of the war, a few attempts at reconstruction would happen before eventually, in 1963, replacing Wee's house with a new building.
Wee's house was said to have a similar architectural style to Seah's, being a mix between Straits Settlements and Chaozhou architecture. His house also included a Teochew gate in front of his foreyard and a storied shophouse appearance.
Based on a set of 1934 alteration plans, the symmetrical layout of the house refers “to the four doubled-pitched gable ends that recall the Chinese character for gold”.Heng, C.K.: Traditional houses in Chaoshan. In: Chan, Y.L., Heng, C.K., Liu, G. (eds.) The House of Tan Yeok Nee: The Conservation of a National Monument, pp. 21–40. Winpeak Investment Pvt. Ltd, Singapore (2003) The spatial interior arrangements of the house had Confucian underpinnings of family hierarchy, harmony, continuity and order.
By 1958, the building was in such dire conditions, the SCCC committee members raised their concerns and calls for building a new building [XXV]. Despite the historical value of the house, the final decision to demolish and build a taller buildingThe Straits Times. ‘Loveliest building in Singapore’. Newspaper article, p. 7 (1958)The Singapore Free Press. Historic building to come down. Newspaper article, p. 3 (1960) was enacted and such works started in June 1961.The Straits Times. Work begins on chamber building. Newspaper article, p. 4 (1961)
House of Tan Yeok Nee
Background