Psychoactive plants are plant species that, when consumed by humans, are known or suspected to produce changes in nervous system function that alter perception, mood, consciousness, cognition or behavior. Many of these plants are used intentionally as psychoactive drugs, for medicinal, religious, and/or recreational purposes. Some have been used ritually as entheogens for millennia.

These plants are listed according to the specific psychoactive chemical substances they contain; many contain multiple known psychoactive compounds.

Cannabinoids

Species of the genus Cannabis, known colloquially as marijuana, including Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica, are psychoactive plants that are often used both medically and recreationally. The principal psychoactive substance in Cannabis is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). THC contains no nitrogen, unlike many other psychoactive substances and is not an indole, tryptamine or phenethylamine. THC is just one of more than 100 identified cannabinoid compounds in Cannabis, which also include cannabinol (CBN) and cannabidiol (CBD).

Cannabis strains vary widely with some producing dynamic balances of cannabinoids (THC, CBD, etc.) and yielding markedly different effects. Popular strains are often hybrids of C. sativa and C. indica.

The medicinal effects of cannabis are widely studied, and are active topics of research both at universities and private research firms. Many jurisdictions have laws regulating or prohibiting the cultivation, sale and/or use of medical and recreational cannabis.

Tryptamines

Many of the psychedelic plants contain dimethyltryptamine (DMT), or other tryptamines, which are either snorted (Virola, Yopo snuffs), vaporized, or drunk with MAOIs (Ayahuasca). It cannot simply be eaten as it is not orally active without an MAOI and must be extremely concentrated to be vaporized.

Aceraceae Acer saccharinum (silver maple) was found to contain the indole alkaloid gramine (not active and extremely toxic) 0.05% in the leaves, so it is possible that other members of this plant family contain active compounds.

Aizoaceae Delosperma cooperi, DMT, 5-MeO-DMT Delosperma ecklonis, DMT Delosperma esterhuyseniae, DMT Delosperma hallii, 5-MeO-DMT Delosperma harazianum, DMT, 5-MeO-DMT Delosperma harazianum Shibam, DMT Delosperma hirtum, DMT Delosperma hallii aff. litorale Delosperma lydenbergense, DMT, 5-MeO-DMT Delosperma nubigenum, 5-MeO-DMT Delosperma pageanum, DMT, 5-MeO-DMT Delosperma pergamentaceum, Traces of DMT Delosperma tradescantioides, DMT

Apocynaceae Prestonia amazonica: DMT Voacanga africana: Up to 10% Iboga alkaloids

Erythroxylaceae Erythroxylum pungens: DMT

Fabaceae (Leguminosae)

Acaciella angustissima, β-methyl-phenethylamine, NMT and DMT in leaf (1.1-10.2 ppm)Nutritive value assessment of the tropical shrub legume Acacia angustissima: anti-nutritional compounds and in vitro digestibility. Personal Authors: McSweeney, C. S., Krause, D. O., Palmer, B., Gough, J., Conlan, L. L., Hegarty, M. P.Author Affiliation: CSIRO Livestock Industries, Long Pocket Laboratories, 120 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. Document Title: Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2005 (Vol. 121) (No. 1/2) 175–190 Vachellia aroma, Tryptamine alkaloids. Significant amount of tryptamine in the seeds. Acacia auriculiformis, 5-MeO-DMT in stem bark Acacia baileyana, 0.02% tryptamine and β-carbolines, in the leaf, Tetrahydroharman Acacia beauverdiana, Psychoactive Ash used in Pituri. Senegalia berlandieri, DMT, phenethylamine, mescaline, nicotine Vachellia caven, Psychoactive Acacia colei, DMT Acacia complanata, 0.3% alkaloids in leaf and stem, almost all N-methyl-tetrahydroharman, with traces of tetrahydroharman, some of tryptamine Acacia confusa, DMT & NMT in leaf, stem & bark 0.04% NMT and 0.02% DMT in stem. Also N,N-dimethyltryptamine N-oxideNMR spectral assignments of a new chlorotryptamine alkaloid and its analogues from Acacia confusa Malcolm S. Buchanan, Anthony R. Carroll, David Pass, Ronald J. Quinn Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry Volume 45, Issue 4, pp. 359–361. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Vachellia cornigera, Psychoactive, Tryptamines DMT according to C. Rastch. Acacia cultriformis, Tryptamine, in the leaf, stem and seeds. Phenethylamine in leaf and seeds Acacia cuthbertsonii, Psychoactive Acacia decurrens, Psychoactive, but less than 0.02% alkaloids Acacia delibrata, Psychoactive Acacia falcata, Psychoactive, but less than 0.02% alkaloids Vachellia farnesiana, Traces of 5-MeO-DMT in fruit. β-methyl-phenethylamine, flower. Ether extracts about 2–6% of the dried leaf mass. Alkaloids are present in the bark and leaves. Acacia floribunda, Tryptamine, phenethylamine, in flowers other tryptamines, DMT,tryptamine,NMT 0.3–0.4% phyllodes.Voogelbreinder, S. "Garden Of Eden" 2009 Acacia georginae, Psychoactive, plus deadly toxins Vachellia horrida, Psychoactive Acacia implexa, Psychoactive Mimosa jurema, DMT, NMT Senegalia laeta, DMT, in the leaf Acacia longifolia, 0.2% tryptamine in bark, leaves, some in flowers, phenylethylamine in flowers, 0.2% DMT in plant. Histamine alkaloids. Acacia sophorae, Tryptamine in leaves, bark Acacia macradenia, Tryptamine Acacia maidenii, 0.6% NMT and DMT in about a 2:3 ratio in the stem bark, both present in leaves Acacia mangium, Psychoactive Acacia melanoxylon, DMT, in the bark and leaf,extentech.sheetster.com but less than 0.02% total alkaloids Senegalia mellifera, DMT, in the leaf Vachellia nilotica, DMT, in the leaf Acacia neurophylla DMT in bark, Harman in leaf.S. Voogelbreinder "Garden Of Eden" 2009 Acacia obtusifolia, Tryptamine, DMT, NMT, other tryptamines, 0.4–0.5% in dried bark,0.15–0.2% in leaf, 0.07% in branch tips. Vachellia oerfota, Less than 0.1% DMT in leaf,Plants Containing DMT (German) NMT Acacia penninervis, Psychoactive Acacia phlebophylla, 0.3% DMT in leaf, NMT Acacia podalyriifolia, Tryptamine in the leaf, 0.5% to 2% DMT in fresh bark, phenethylamine, trace amounts. Although this species is claimed to contain 0.5% to 2% DMT in fresh bark the reference for this is invalid as there is no reference to Acacia Podalyriffolia anywhere in the reference article. Additionally, well known and proven extraction techniques for DMT have failed to produce any DMT or alkaloids from fresh bark or the leaves on multiple sample taken at various seasons. Should DMT actually exist in this species of Acacia then it exists in extremely small amounts and have failed to produce any alkaloids with Acid/Base extraction techniques using HCl/NaOH. On the same note, more academic research is definitely required into the DMT content of this and other Australian Acacia species with proper chemical analysis of sample. Senegalia polyacantha, DMT in leaf and other tryptamines in leaf, bark Senegalia polyacantha ssp. campylacantha, Less than 0.2% DMT in leaf, NMT; DMT and other tryptamines in leaf, bark Senegalia rigidula: Phenethylamine, tryptamine, tyramine, and β-Methylphenethylamine. Acacia sassa, Psychoactive Vachellia schaffneri, β-methyl-phenethylamine, Phenethylamine Senegalia senegal, Less than 0.1% DMT in leaf, NMT, other tryptamines. DMT in plant, DMT in bark. Vachellia seyal, DMT, in the leaf. Ether extracts about 1–7% of the dried leaf mass. Vachellia sieberiana, DMT, in the leaf Acacia simplex, DMT and NMT, in the leaf, stem and trunk bark, 0.81% DMT in bark, MMT Vachellia tortilis, DMT, NMT, and other tryptamines Acacia vestita, Tryptamine, in the leaf and stem, but less than 0.02% total alkaloids Acacia victoriae, tryptamines, 5-MeO-alkyltryptamine List of acacia species having little or no alkaloids in the material sampled:(0% C 0.02%, Concentration of alkaloids) Acacia acinacea Acacia baileyana Acacia decurrens Acacia dealbata Acacia mearnsii Acacia drummondii Acacia elata Acacia falcata Acacia leprosa Acacia linearis Acacia melanoxylon Acacia pycnantha Acacia retinodes Acacia saligna Acacia stricta Acacia verticillata Acacia vestita Pseudalbizzia inundata leaves contain DMT. Anadenanthera colubrina, Bufotenin, Beans,Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases Bufotenin oxide, Beans, N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, Beans, pods, Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil – Bufotenin and Dimethyltryptamine have been isolated from the seeds and seed pods, 5-MeO-DMT from the bark of the stems. The seeds were found to contain 12.4% bufotenine, 0.06% 5-MeO-DMT and 0.06% DMT. Anadenanthera peregrina, 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-6-methoxy-2,9-dimethyl-beta-carboline, plant,Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-6-methoxy-2-methyl-beta-carboline, plant, 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, bark, 5-Methoxy-N-methyltryptamine, bark, Bufotenin, plant, beans, Bufotenin N-oxide, fruit, beans, N,N-Dimethyltryptamine-oxide, fruit Anadenanthera peregrina var. peregrina, Bufotenine is in the seeds. Desmanthus illinoensis, 0–0.34% DMT in root bark, highly variable. Also NMT, N-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, 2-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, and gramine (toxic). Desmanthus leptolobus, 0.14% DMT in root bark, more reliable than D. illinoensis Desmodium caudatum (syn. Ohwia caudata), Roots: 0.087% DMT, Desmodium racemosum, 5-MeO-DMT Desmodium triflorum, 0.0004% DMT-N-oxide, roots, less in stems and trace in leaves. Lespedeza capitata Lespedeza bicolor, DMT, Lespedamine, and 5-MeO-DMT in leaves and roots Lespedeza bicolor var. japonica, DMT, 5-MeO-DMT in leaves and root bark Mimosa ophthalmocentra, Dried root: DMT 1.6%, NMT 0.0012% and hordenine 0.0065% Mimosa scabrella, tryptamine, NMT, DMT and N-methyltetrahydrocarboline in bark Mimosa tenuiflora (syn. "Mimosa hostilis"), 1-1.7% DMT (dry root bark).Enzyklopädie der psychoaktiven Pflanzen. Botanik, Ethnopharmakologie und Anwendungen. Aarau: AT-Verl. p. 15. ISBN 978-3-85502-570-1. Mimosa verrucosa, DMT in root bark Mucuna pruriens, the seeds of the plant contain about 3.1–6.1% . Petalostylis casseoides, 0.4–0.5% tryptamine, DMT, etc. in leaves and stems Petalostylis labicheoides var. casseoides, DMT in leaves and stems; 0.4–0.5% alkaloids in leaves and stems; Tryptamines in leaves and stems, MAO's up to 0.5% Phyllodium pulchellum(syn. Desmodium pulchellum), DMT; 0.2% 5-MeO-DMT, small quantities of DMT DMT (dominates in seedlings and young plants), 5-MeO-DMT (dominates in mature plant), whole plant, roots, stems, leaves, flowers; Zornia latifolia, the flavones genistein, apigenin and syzalterin may explain the cannabis-like effects

Lauraceae Nectandra megapotamica, NMT

Malpighiaceae Diplopterys cabrerana: McKenna et al. (1984) assayed and found the leaves contain 0.17% DMT

Myristicaceae Horsfieldia superba: 5-MeO-DMT, Horsfiline, and beta-carbolines Iryanthera macrophylla: 5-MeO-DMT in bark; Iryanthera ulei: 5-MeO-DMT in bark Osteophloem platyspermum: DMT, 5-MeO-DMT in bark Virola calophylla, Leaves 0.149% DMT, leaves 0.006% MMT 5-MeO-DMT in bark Virola calophylloidea, DMT, 5-MeO-DMT Virola carinata, DMT in leaves; DMT, 5-MeO-DMT Virola cuspidata, DMT Virola divergens, DMT in leaves Virola melinonii, DMT in bark; DMT, 5-MeO-DMT Virola multinervia, DMT, 5-MeO-DMT in bark and roots Virola pavonis, DMT in leaves Virola peruviana, DMT, 5-MeO-DMT; 5-MeO-DMT, traces of DMT and 5-MeO-tryptamine in bark Virola rufula, Alkaloids in bark and root, 95% of which is MeO-DMT 0.190% 5-MeO-DMT in bark, 0.135% 5-MeO-DMT in root, 0.092% DMT in leaves. Virola sebifera, The bark contains 0.065% to 0.25% alkaloids, most of which are DMT and 5-MeO-DMT. Virola theiodora, DMT, 5-MeO-DMT in bark, roots, leaves and flowers Virola venosa, DMT, 5-MeO-DMT in roots, leaves DMT

Ochnaceae Testulea gabonensis: 0.2% 5-MeO-DMT, small quantities of DMT, DMT in bark and root bark, NMT

Pandanaceae Genus Pandanus (Screw Pine): DMT in nuts

Poaceae (Gramineae)