Copenhagen Airport ( ) is an international airport serving Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark, as well as the wider Øresund Region, including Zealand, Malmö, and the southern Swedish province of Scania as a whole. It is the largest airport in the Nordic countries.
As the Nordic countries' largest airport, it served close to 30 million passengers in 2024. It is one of the oldest international airports in Europe, the fourth-busiest in Northern Europe, and the busiest for international travel in Scandinavia.– total passengers 2013 was 24,067,030 of them were 22,164,738; Stockholm Arlanda had 20,7 million passengers in total in 2013, but around a third are usually domestic;
The airport is on the island of Amager, south of Copenhagen city centre, and west of Malmö city centre, to which it is connected by the Øresund Bridge. The airport covers an area of . Most of the airport is in the municipality of Tårnby, with a small part in the city of Dragør.
The airport is the main hub out of three used by Scandinavian Airlines and is also an operating base for Sunclass Airlines and Norwegian Air Shuttle. Copenhagen Airport handles around 60 scheduled airlines, and has a maximum operation capability of 83 operations/hour, and a total of 108 jet bridges and remote parking stands. Most of the airport's passengers are international. In 2015, 6.1% of passengers travelled to and from other Danish airports, 83.5% to/from other European airports, and 10.4% were intercontinental passengers. The airport is owned by Københavns Lufthavne, which also operates Roskilde Airport. 2,800 employees work directly for Københavns Lufthavne, while a total of 18,000 people are employed in all jobs at the airport.
Copenhagen Airport was originally called Kastrup Airport, after the small town of Kastrup, now part of the Tårnby municipality. The formal name is still Copenhagen Airport, Kastrup, to distinguish it from Roskilde Airport.
History
The airport was inaugurated on 20 April 1925 and was one of the first civil airports in the world. It consisted of a large, impressive terminal built of wood, a couple of hangars, a balloon mast, a hydroplane landing stage and a few grassy meadows that could be used as runways. The grass on the runways was kept short by sheep, which were shepherded away before take-offs and landings. From 1932 to 1939, takeoffs and landings increased from 6,000 to 50,000 and passenger number increased to 72,000. Between 1936 and 1939, a new terminal was built, considered one of the finest examples of Nordic functionalism. The terminal was designed by Vilhelm Lauritzen, who was considered a pioneer among architects, in terms not only of architecture and construction, but also of service and passenger comfort.
In the years of World War II, the Copenhagen airport was closed for civil operations except for periodic flights to destinations in Sweden and Nazi Germany (including German-occupied Austria). In the summer of 1941 the first hard-surface runway opened. It was long and wide. When World War II ended in May 1945, Copenhagen had the most modern international airport in Europe, because the airport remained untouched by actual acts of war.
On 1 August 1947, Scandinavian Airlines (SAS) was founded, an important event for the Copenhagen Airport, as Copenhagen was to be the main hub for the airline. Traffic increased rapidly in the first years SAS operated. In 1948, Copenhagen airport was third largest airport in Europe with 150 daily takeoffs and almost 300,000 passengers for the year. The airport continued its rapid growth. The terminal was expanded several times and new hangars were erected.
By 10 May 1960, when the new airport terminal (now Terminal 2) was inaugurated, the daily number of jet operations had increased to 28, and still traffic kept on growing. The large new airport terminal soon became too small, and in 1969 yet another huge expansion programme was launched. Domestic traffic was relocated to a new domestic terminal (the eastern part of Terminal 1). The (current) international terminal was supplemented with a new pier (C) and a separate arrivals hall (the building between Terminals 2 and 3). A new control tower and of additional runways allowed take-offs and landings to take place at the same time. When the comprehensive expansion was completed in 1972, the number of take-offs and landings exceeded 180,000 and there were more than eight million passengers.
The expansion of the airport began in 1982, after the necessary period of planning. The intention was not to build Europe's largest airport, but to build transit passengers' favourite airport. A stay at the airport was supposed to be an integral part of the travel experience. Efficiency and precision were obvious demands, but focus was also on generating an oasis where international travellers could relax: beautiful architecture, Scandinavian design, and pleasant, light, and comfortable surroundings with plenty of shops, restaurants, and other facilities providing enjoyment and pleasure. The new cargo terminal was built in the eastern area of the airport.
From 1984, SAS operated a marine link from the airport to Malmö, across the Øresund to a dedicated terminal in Malmö where luggage could be checked in. From 1984 to 1994, the service was operated by hovercraft, whereas from 1994 to 2000 catamarans were used. The marine link closed in 2000 due to the opening of the Øresund Bridge.
A number of important construction projects were completed in 1998: a pier connecting the domestic and international terminals; a new arrivals hall; new modern baggage handling facilities; an underground railway station with two large underground parking facilities with 2400 spaces opens; and above it all the spacious and impressive delta-shaped terminal (Terminal 3) with 17 million passengers capacity. The first stage of the new Pier D was completed in the spring of 1999.
On 1 July 2000 the Øresund Bridge opened which connects Denmark and Sweden by motorway and train. In 2001 the five-star Hilton hotel opened with 382 rooms. In 2006 for the first time in its history Copenhagen airport exceeded 20 million passengers and reached 20,900,000 passengers. In October 2007 the metro station opened, connecting the airport to the Copenhagen Metro. A new control tower opened in 2008 by Naviair as part of a major renovation of the ATC system. Airport officials announced plans to build a new low-cost terminal at the facility. On 31 October 2010 the new low cost terminal CPH Go opened by easyJet. In 2013 the airport handled a new record of 24,067,030 passengers. In 2014 CPH announced plans to increase capacity to 40 million passengers per year. It reached 30 million in 2018.
From late 2015, the airport became the first in Scandinavia to have a regularly scheduled A380 service after Emirates started operating the plane for its Copenhagen route.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the number of passengers fell dramatically during 2020. There were 7.525 million passengers this year, a majority of these in January and February when restrictions were yet not issued. The Group Annual Report 2020 showed 600 million DKK in deficit.Group Annual Report 2020 CPH. Retrieved 24 December 2022
Facilities Terminals
Copenhagen Airport has two terminals for check-in, Terminals 2 and 3, which handle all flights and share a common airside passenger concourse as well as the arrivals section which houses customs and baggage claim and is physically located in Terminal 3. The airside is reached through a common security check located between Terminal 2 and Terminal 3.
The common airside passenger concourse is divided into piers, called A, B, C, D, E and F. Pier A and B are for flights inside Schengen only. Pier C is mostly for flights outside Schengen. Pier D is mostly for flights inside Schengen. The newest section, CPH Go, now called Pier F, dedicated to low-cost carriers opened in October 2010. So far, EasyJet, Transavia and Ryanair are the only airlines operating from this facility. An all new Terminal 4 has been discussed, but replaced by plans to expand the current facilities in appropriate increments. Copenhagen Airport says passengers have easy transfer possibilities.
Previously all domestic flights departed from Terminal 1, but from 29 March 2015 all departures have been collected in Terminals 2 and 3, and Pier C was expanded with another jetbridge at DKK 10M to facilitate the Emirates Airbus A380 to Dubai from December 2015,"Emirates to deploy the world's biggest aircraft on its Copenhagen service " CPH press, 9 April 2015."CPH: A380 er en milepæl for os " Check-in.dk, 10 April 2015. which was the first 2-class A380 carrying 615 passengers."Verdenspremiere i CPH på 615-sæders fly " Check-in.dk, 10 April 2015.
Pier E began construction in 2016 and was finished in May 2019 and opened on 4 June 2019. SAS have moved most of its long-haul flight from pier C to E.
Runways Despite the short distance to the city centre, approaches to, and departures from, the airport are above water due to the heading of the dual parallel runway system (04R/22L & 04L/22R). Those runways point to the Øresund strait, close in both directions. The supplementary runway (30/12) oriented perpendicular to the main runways also has its approach or departure over Øresund in one direction. In the opposite direction, the 30/12 runway has noise restrictions as flight happens close over residential areas.Rasmussen, Thyge. "Flytrafik som vinden blæser " with Wind rose. (English: Plane traffic as the wind blows) Danish Meteorological Institute, 17 April 2015. Retrieved: 19 April 2015. Other advantages are the low altitude of the airport and absence of hills and high buildings below the approach directions. In case of fog, the runway 22L is equipped with an ILS category III C system, which allows modern aircraft to land in zero sight. Runway 04R/22L was widened by 4 meters in each side at DKK 30M to accommodate the Airbus A380, as part of a general concrete renewal program of DKK 300M.
Airlines and destinations Passenger The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter flights at Copenhagen Airport:
Cargo
Statistics Passenger numbers
+ Passenger numbers at Copenhagen Airport Year Passengershandled Passenger% change Aircraftmovements Aircraft% change200118,082,158288,738200218,253,446 266,896 7.6200317,707,742 259,002 3.0200419,034,557 272,512 5.2200519,980,301 268,652 1.4200620,877,533 258,354 3.8200721,409,886 257,587 0.3200821,529,857 264,086 2.5200919,715,317 236,170 10.6201021,501,473 245,635 4.0201122,725,284 253,759 3.3201223,334,939 242,990 4.2201324,066,917 244,933 0.8201425,627,093 251,799 2.8201526,608,869 254,832 1.2201629,043,287 265,784 4.2201729,177,833 259,243 2.5201830,298,531 266,096 2.6201930,256,703 263,411 120207,525,441 98,239 62.720219,179,654 109,925 11.9202222,143,135141.0202,23284.0202326,765,446 227,343 202429,882,553 240,680 202532,433,694 256,737
Busiest routes
+ Top 10 busiest routes by passenger traffic (2023) Rank Destination Airport(s) Passengers 1 Heathrow Airport, Gatwick Airport, Stansted Airport 1,822,894 2 Gardermoen Airport 1,355,213 3 Arlanda Airport 1,187,479 4 Schiphol Airport 1,124,306 5 Aalborg Aalborg Airport 792,198 6 Istanbul Airport, Sabiha Gökçen International Airport 621,191 7 Helsinki Airport 601,605 8 Frankfurt Airport 548,125 9 Vienna International Airport 538,844 10 Charles de Gaulle Airport 340,404
Passenger numbers, 2023 1 Domestic flight 1,198,624 2 Europe 22,697,847 3 2,868,975
Other facilities The SAS traffic office resides at Copenhagen Airport South and in Dragør, together with a VIP terminal. The VIP terminal is actually the first terminal building, from the 1920s. It was moved about 2 km during the 1990s.
In 2015, Boeing opened a maintenance, repair, and operations facility at CPH, as proximity to daily operations is more important than high wages when checks have to be made every 1,000 flight hours.