This is a list of official, or otherwise administratively-recognized, languages of sovereign countries, regions, and supra-national institutions. The article also lists lots of languages which have no administrative mandate as an official language, generally describing these as de facto official languages.
Official languages of sovereign countries, wholly or partly
A Abkhaz: Abkhazia (with Russian; independence is disputed) Статья 4. Конституция Республики Южная Осетия
Afar: Djibouti (with Arabic, French, Somali) Ethiopia (with Amharic, Oromo, Somali, Tigrinya)
Afrikaans: Namibia (with English and German) South Africa (with English, Ndebele (Southern), Northern Sotho, Sotho, South African Sign Language, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)Section 6. Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996
Aja-Gbe: Benin (a national language along with Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official language is French)
Albanian: Albania Kosovo (with Serbian)Article 5. Kosovo Constitution Montenegro (in Gusinje, Plav, Podgorica, Rožaje, Tivat, Tuzi, and Ulcinj) North Macedonia (with Macedonian)
Akuapem Twi: Ghana (a government-sponsored language along with Ewe-Gbe, Dagaare, Dagbani, Dangme, Ga, Gonja, Kasem, Nzema, the official language is English)
Amharic: EthiopiaArticle 5. Ethiopian Constitution (with Afar, Oromo, Somali, Tigrinya)
Anii: Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
Arabic (see also List of countries where Arabic is an official language): Algeria (with Berber) Bahrain Chad (with French) Comoros (with French and Comorian) Djibouti (with French) Egypt Eritrea (with Tigrinya and English) Iraq (with Kurdish)Article 4. Constitution of Iraq Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libya Mali (with Tuareg and French) Mauritania (with several national languages: Fula, Soninke, Wolof) Morocco (with Berber) Niger (with French, Buduma, Fula, Gourmanché, Hausa, Kanuri, Songhay-Zarma, Tamasheq, Tasawaq, Tebu)Loi n° 2001-037 du 31 décembre 2001 fixant les modalités de promotion et de développement des langues nationales Oman Palestine Philippines (in Bangsamoro) Qatar Saudi Arabia Somaliland (with English and Somali; independence is disputed) Somalia (with Somali) Sudan (with English) Syria Tunisia United Arab Emirates (along with English) Yemen
Araona: Bolivia (with Spanish, Quechua, Guaraní and 33 other languages)Artículo 5. Constitución Política del Estado
Armenian: Armenia
Asante Twi: Ghana (a government-sponsored language along with Ewe-Gbe, Dagaare, Dagbani, Dangme, Ga, Gonja, Kasem, Nzema, the official language is English)
Assamese: India (with 21 other regional languages, and with English as a link language)
Aymara: Bolivia (with Spanish, Quechua, Guaraní and 33 other languages) Peru (with Spanish and Quechua and other languages)
Ayoreo (Zamuco): Bolivia (with Spanish, Quechua, Guaraní and 33 other languages)
Azerbaijani: AzerbaijanArticle 21. Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan
B
Balanta: Senegal (a national language along with Bassari, Bedik, Fula, Hassaniya, Jola, Mandinka, Mandjak, Mankanya, Noon, Safen, Serer, Soninke, Wolof, the official language is French)
Bambara: see Manding Mali (a national language along with Bomu, Bozo, Dogon, Fula, Mamara, Songhay, Soninke, Syenara, Tamasheq, the official language is French)
Bariba: Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
Basque: Co-official in some autonomous communities of Spain: Basque Country Navarre; both with Spanish
Bassari: Senegal (a national language along with Balanta, Bedik, Fula, Hassaniya, Jola, Mandinka, Mandjak, Mankanya, Noon, Safen, Serer, Soninke, Wolof, the official language is French)
Baure: Bolivia (with Spanish, Quechua, Guaraní and 33 other languages)
Bedik: Senegal (a national language along with Balanta, Bassari, Fula, Hassaniya, Jola, Mandinka, Mandjak, Mankanya, Noon, Safen, Serer, Soninke, Wolof, the official language is French)
Belarusian: Belarus (with Russian)Article 17. Constitution of the Republic of Belarus
Bengali: Bangladesh3. The state language. Constitution of Bangladesh India (with 21 other regional languages, and with English as a link language) Sierra Leone
Berber: Algeria (with Arabic)Loi no02-03 du 27 Moharram 1423 correspondant au 10 avril 2002 portant révision constitutionnelle . Morocco (with Arabic)Article 5. Constitution du Maroc
Biali: Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
Bislama: Vanuatu (with English and French)
Boko: Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
Bomu: Mali (a national language along with Bambara, Bozo, Dogon, Fula, Mamara, Songhay, Soninke, Syenara, Tamasheq, the official language is French)
Bosnian: Bosnia and Herzegovina (with Croatian, Serbian) (de facto)
Bozo: Mali (a national language along with Bambara, Bomu, Dogon, Fula, Mamara, Songhay, Soninke, Syenara, Tamasheq, the official language is French)
Buduma: Niger (with French, Arabic, Fula, Gourmanché, Hausa, Kanuri, Songhay-Zarma, Tamasheq, Tasawaq, Tebu)
Bulgarian: BulgariaArticle 3. Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria
Burmese: Myanmar (formerly Burma)Article 450. Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar
C Canichana: Bolivia (with Spanish, Quechua, Guaraní and 33 other languages)
Cantonese: Hong Kong (using Traditional Chinese characters); with Mandarin Chinese and English Macau (using Traditional Chinese characters); with Mandarin Chinese and Portuguese
Carolinian: Northern Mariana Islands (with Chamorro and English)
Catalan: Andorra,Article 2. La Constitució del Principat d’Andorra Co-official in some autonomous communities of Spain: Balearic Islands Catalonia Valencian Community; all with Spanish
Cavineña: Bolivia (with Spanish, Quechua, Guaraní and 33 other languages)
Cayubaba: Bolivia (with Spanish, Quechua, Guaraní and 33 other languages)
Chácobo: Bolivia (with Spanish, Quechua, Guaraní and 33 other languages)
Chamorro: Guam (with English) Northern Mariana Islands (with Carolinian and English)
Chichewa: Malawi (with English) Zimbabwe (with English, Shona, Ndebele, Chirbawe, Kalanga, "Koisan" (Tshuwau), Nambya, Ndau, Zimbabwean sign language, Tonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa)
Chimané: Bolivia (with Spanish, Quechua, Guaraní and 33 other languages)
Chinese, Mandarin: Mainland China (using Simplified Chinese characters) Macau (using both Simplified Chinese characters and Traditional Chinese characters) Hong Kong (using both Simplified Chinese characters and Traditional Chinese characters; with Cantonese and English) Singapore (using Simplified Chinese characters; with English, Malay and Tamil)Articles 44, 53, 123. Constitution of the Republic of Singapore Taiwan (using Traditional Chinese characters; other official languages of Taiwan are Formosan languages, Taiwanese Hokkien, Hakka and Taiwan Sign Language.)
Chipewyan: Canada (in Northwest Territories)
Chirbawe (Sena): see Sena
Comorian: Comoros (with Arabic and French)
Corsican: France (Corsica) (with French)
Cook Islands Māori: Cook Islands (with English)
Cree: Canada (in Northwest Territories)
Croatian: Croatia Bosnia and Herzegovina (with Bosnian and Serbian) (de facto)
Czech: Czech Republic Slovakia (legislation states that a person using Czech language at a Slovak institution must be treated as if using Slovak language)
D Dagaare: Ghana (a government-sponsored language along with Akan (Akuapem Twi, Ashante Twi, Fante), Ewe-Gbe, Dagbani, Dangme, Ga, Gonja, Kasem, Nzema, the official language is English)
Dagbani: Ghana (a government-sponsored language along with Akan (Akuapem Twi, Ashante Twi, Fante), Ewe-Gbe, Dagaare, Dangme, Ga, Gonja, Kasem, Nzema, the official language is English)
Dangme: Ghana (a government-sponsored language along with Akan (Akuapem Twi, Ashante Twi, Fante), Ewe-Gbe, Dagaare, Dagbani, Ga, Gonja, Kasem, Nzema, the official language is English)
Danish: Denmark Faroe Islands (with Faroese)
Dari: Afghanistan (a local variant of Persian, but defined as "Dari" in the Afghan constitution; together with Pashto)
Dendi: Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
Dhivehi: MaldivesArticle 11. Constitution of the Republic of Maldives
Dioula: see Manding Burkina Faso (a national language along with Fula, Mossi and other languages, the official language is French)
Dogon: Mali (a national language along with Bambara, Bomu, Bozo, Fula, Mamara, Songhay, Soninke, Syenara, Tamasheq, the official language is French)
Dutch: Belgium (official language with French and German) sole official language in: Flanders co-official language in: Brussels (with French) The Netherlands (sole official language in every province except Friesland, where West Frisian is co-official and the BES islands, where Papiamento and English are co-official) Aruba (with Papiamento) Curaçao (with Papiamento and English) Sint Maarten (with English) Suriname
Dzongkha: BhutanArticle 1. Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan
E
English (see also List of countries where English is an official language): Australia The Bahamas Barbados Belize Botswana (but the national language is Tswana) Cameroon (with French) Canada (with French) Ontario (de facto; with limited French) Quebec (with French) Nova Scotia (de facto; with limited French & Gaelic) New Brunswick (with French) Manitoba (with French) British Columbia (de facto; with limited French) Prince Edward Island (de facto; with limited French) Saskatchewan (de facto; with limited French) Alberta (de facto; with limited French) Newfoundland and Labrador (de facto; with limited French, Innu-aimun, & Inuttut) Northwest Territories (with 10 others) Yukon (with French) Nunavut (with Inuit & French) Curaçao (with Dutch and Papiamento) Dominica England Eritrea (with Tigrinya and Arabic) Eswatini (with Swati) Fiji (with Bau Fijian and Fiji Hindi) Gambia Ghana (with Akan (Akuapem Twi, Ashante Twi, Fante), Ewe-Gbe, Dagaare, Dagbani, Dangme, Ga, Gonja, Kasem, Nzema) Grenada Guyana Hong Kong (with Cantonese and Mandarin Chinese) India (with 22 regional languages) Republic of Ireland ("second official"; with Irish) Jamaica Kenya (with Swahili) Kiribati Lesotho (with Sotho) Liberia Malawi (with Chichewa) Malaysia (de facto official language with Malay; still serves as official and national language with Malay in Sabah and Sarawak)Article 152 – National Language and Other Languages, Constitution of Malaysia Malta (with Maltese) Marshall Islands (with Marshallese) Mauritius (with French)Article 49. Constitution of Mauritius Micronesia, Federated States of Namibia (Afrikaans, German, and Oshiwambo are spoken regionally) (Article 3) Nauru (with Nauruan) New Zealand (with Māori and New Zealand Sign Language) Nigeria (with Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba) Pakistan (with Urdu as the national language) Palau (with Palauan) Papua New Guinea (with Tok Pisin and Hiri Motu) Philippines (with Filipino)