Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).
Events
January – Canadian Poetry Magazine first published by the Canadian Authors Association, with E. J. Pratt's active involvement. It becomes associated with more traditional poetry, very popular in Canada at this time. May In Nazi Germany, the SS magazine Das Schwarze Korps attacks the expressionist and experimental poetry of German Gottfried Benn as degenerate, Jewish and homosexual. Greek poet and Communist activist Yiannis Ritsos is inspired to write his landmark poem Epitaphios by a photograph of a dead protester during a massive tobacco-workers demonstration in Thessaloniki; it is published soon afterwards. In August, the right-wing dictatorship of Ioannis Metaxas comes to power in Greece and copies are burned publicly at the foot of the Acropolis in Athens. August 18 – 38-year-old Spanish dramatist and poet Federico García Lorca is among those arrested by Francoist militia during the White Terror at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War and is never seen again. James Laughlin founds New Directions Publishing in New York, which publishes many modern poets for the first time. A version of J. R. R. Tolkien's influential lecture "Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics" is published in Proceedings of the British Academy. W. B. Yeats begins delivering broadcast lectures on the BBC (the lectures continue into 1937), and makes recordings of his own verse.
Works published in English
Canada W. E. Collin, The White Savannahs, the first collection of criticism of contemporary poetry in Canada from a modernist perspective; written by a professor of French at the University of Western OntarioPreminger, Alex and T.V.F. Brogan, et al., editors, The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics, 1993, Princeton University Press and MJF Books, "Canadian Poetry" article, English "History and Criticism" section, p 164 Kenneth Leslie, Such a Din! Poems. Halifax: McCurdy.Burris Devanney, Sandra Campbell and Domenico Di Nardo. "Kenneth Leslie: A Preliminary Bibliography ." Canadian Poetry: Studies/Documents/Reviews No.05 (Fall/Winter 1979), UWO, Web, Apr. 15, 2011 New Provinces, first anthology of modernist poetry in Canada, including work by F. R. Scott, E. J. Pratt, Robert Finch, A. J. M. Smith, Leo Kennedy, A. M. Klein.Michael Gnarowski, "New Provinces: Poems of Several Authors ," Canadian Encyclopedia (Hurtig: Edmonton, 1988), 1479. Marjorie Pickthall, The Complete Poems of Marjorie Pickthall, 2nd edition. (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart). Posthumously publishedGustafson, Ralph, The Penguin Book of Canadian Verse, revised edition, 1967, Baltimore, Maryland: Penguin Books Charles G. D. Roberts, Selected Poems of Sir Charles G.D. Roberts. (Toronto: Ryerson). Frederick George Scott, Poems
India, in English Harindranath Chattopadhyaya, Strange Journey (Poetry in English ), Pondicherry: Bharatha Shakthy NilayamVinayak Krishna Gokak, The Golden Treasury Of Indo-Anglian Poetry (1828-1965), p 316, New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi (1970, first edition; 2006 reprint), , retrieved August 6, 2010 Nilima Devi, The Hidden Face (Poetry in English ), Calcutta: Futurist Publishing HouseNaik, M. K., Perspectives on Indian poetry in English, p. 230, (published by Abhinav Publications, 1984, , ), retrieved via Google Books, June 12, 2009 P. R. Kaikini, Songs of a Wanderer (Poetry in English); Bombay: New Book Co.Vinayak Krishna Gokak, The Golden Treasury Of Indo-Anglian Poetry (1828-1965), p 322, New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi (1970, first edition; 2006 reprint), , retrieved August 6, 2010 M. S. Nirmal, Song of Immortality (Poetry in English), Lahore: Model Electric PressVinayak Krishna Gokak, The Golden Treasury Of Indo-Anglian Poetry (1828-1965), p 319, New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi (1970, first edition; 2006 reprint), , retrieved August 6, 2010 Brajendranath Seal, The Quest Eternal (Poetry in English) Das, Sisir Kumar, "A Chronology of Literary Events / 1911–1956", in Das, Sisir Kumar and various, History of Indian Literature: 1911-1956: struggle for freedom: triumph and tragedy, Volume 2, 1995, published by Sahitya Akademi, , retrieved via Google Books on December 23, 2008 Subho Tagore, Peacock Plumes (Poetry/in English ),
New Zealand Ursula Bethell, Time and Place: poems by the author of 'From a garden in the Antipodes, Christchurch: Caxton PressWeb page titled "Ursula Bethell / New Zealand Literature File" at the University of Auckland Library website, accessed April 30, 2008 Robin Hyde: Passport to Hell Check To Your King
United Kingdom W. H. Auden, Look, Stranger! Julian Bell, Work for the Winter Edmund Blunden, Verses: To H.R.H. The Duke of Windsor Roy Campbell, Mithraic Emblems Cecil Day-Lewis, Noah and the Waters T. S. Eliot, Collected Poems 1909–35, including "Burnt Norton", first of the Four Quartets John Gawsworth edits anonymously Edwardian Poetry, Book One (anthology) A. E. Housman, More Poems James Joyce, Collected Poems Patrick Kavanagh, Ploughman, and Other Poems F. R. Leavis, Revaluation: tradition & development in English poetry rejects Milton, Spenser and Shelley, and praises Donne, Pope, Gerard Manley Hopkins, T. S. Eliot and others (criticism) Louis MacNeice, translation from the original Ancient Greek, The Agamemnon of Aeschylus Robert Nichols, A Spanish Triptych Ruth Pitter, A Trophy of Arms, preface by James Stephens Michael Roberts edits The Faber Book of Modern Verse, which praises poets such as W. H. Auden and T. S. Eliot and ignores poets like Robert Frost and Thomas Hardy (anthology) Sacheverell Sitwell, Collected Poems, introductory essay by Edith Sitwell William Soutar, A Handful of Earth Dylan Thomas, Twenty-five Poems, including "And death shall have no dominion" Edward Thomas (killed in action 1917), Collected Poems, Faber and FaberRichard Ellmann and Robert O'Clair, editors, The Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry, W. W. Norton & Company, 1973, W. B. Yeats, editor, The Oxford Book of Modern Verse 1892-1935 (anthology)
United States Conrad Aiken, Time in the RockLudwig, Richard M.; Nault, Clifford A., Jr. (1986). Annals of American Literature, 1602–1983. New York: Oxford University Press. W. H. Auden, Look, Stranger! (Anglo-American) Stephen Vincent Benét, Burning City Lilian Bowes Lyon, Bright Feather Fading E. E. Cummings, 1/20 Emily Dickinson, Unpublished Poems Paul Engle, Break the Heart's Anger John Gould Fletcher, The Epic of Arkansas Robert Frost, A Further Range Robinson Jeffers, The Beaks of Eagles Archibald MacLeish, Public Speech Edgar Lee Masters, Poems of People Marianne Moore, The Pangolin and Other Verse Ogden Nash, The Bad Parents' Garden of Verse New Directions publishes its first book and its first "annual", New Directions in Prose and Poetry with contributions from Wallace Stevens, Ezra Pound, Elizabeth Bishop, Marianne Moore, William Carlos Williams and others Dorothy Parker, Not So Deep as a Well: Collected Poems Kenneth Patchen, Before the Grave Frederic Prokosch, The Assassins Lizette Woodworth Reese, The Old House in the Country Charles Reznikoff, Separate Way, including "The Socialists of Vienna" (Objectivist Press) Carl Sandburg, The People, Yes, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Winfield Townley Scott, Elegy for Robinson Wallace Stevens: Ideas of Order, includes "Farewell to Florida," "The Idea of Order at Key West," "Academic Discourse at Havana," "Like Decorations in a Nigger Cemetery," and "A Postcard from the Volcano"), Knopf, enlarged from the 1935 editionWeb page titled "Wallace Stevens (1879 - 1955)" at the Poetry Foundation website, retrieved April 9, 2009. 2009-05-04. Owl's Clover, Alcestis Press (contents later incorporated into Opus Posthumous 1952) John Hall Wheelock, Poems, 1911–1936 William Carlos Williams, Adam & Eve & The City
Other in English Rex Ingamells, Forgotten People published in Adelaide; including "Garrakeen"; Australia
Works published in other languages
France Paul Éluard, pen name of Paul-Eugène Grindel, Les Yeux fertilesAuster, Paul, editor, The Random House Book of Twentieth-Century French Poetry: with Translations by American and British Poets, New York: Random House, 1982 Francis Jammes, Sources, Paris: Le DivanWeb page titled "POET Francis Jammes (1868 - 1938)", at The Poetry Foundation website, retrieved August 30, 2009 Pierre Jean Jouve, Hélène Henri Michaux, Voyage en Grand Garabagne Benjamin Péret, Je sublime Saint-John Perse, Poème pour Valery Larbaud, Liège: A la Lampe d'Aladdin; FranceWeb page titled "Saint-John Perse: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1960: Bibliography" at the Nobel Prize Website, retrieved July 20, 2009. 2009-07-24.
Indian subcontinent Including all of the British colonies that later became India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal. Listed alphabetically by first name, regardless of surname:
Bengali Mohitlal Majumdar, Smara-garal, Bengali Rabindranath Tagore, in these two works as well as in some others of the mid- and early 1930s, the author introduced a new rhythm in poetry that "had a tremendous impact on the modern poets", according to Indian academic Sisir Kumar Das: Patrput Syamali
Urdu Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar, "Kulam-i Jauhar", an Urdu poem edited and with an introduction by Abudul Majid Daryabadi Sir Muhammad Iqbal, Zarb-i-Kalim, also rendered "Zarbe Kalim" (or The Rod of Moses), philosophical poetry book in Urdu; the author's third collection in the Urdu language; the 183 poems include some ghazals; divided into six parts, including Islam and Muslims, Education, and Fine Arts (Iqbal also published a book in Persian this year) P. T. Narasimhachar (also known as "Pu.Ti.Na."), Mandaliru, 23 lyrics in Sanskritized Urdu Translation, commentary and critical appreciation of Pas Cheh Bayad Kard and Masnavi Musafir in Urdu by Dr Elahi Bakhsh Akhtar Awan, publishers University Book Agency Peshawar Pakistan, 1960.
Other Indian languages Changampuzha Krishna Pillai Ramanan, Malayalam-language poem about the life, love and death of his friend, the poet Edappalli Raghavan Pillai (1909–1936)Paniker, Ayyappa, "Modern Malayalam Literature" chapter in George, K. M., editor, Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology, pp 231–255, published by Sahitya Akademi, 1992, retrieved January 10, 2009 Haridasa Siddhantavagish, Sankara Sambhavam Khandakavya, a mythological poem in Sanskrit Idappalli Raghavan Pillai, Maninadam, Malayalam Kulachandra Gautam, Prapanica Carca, religious verses in Nepali by an eminent Sanskrit scholar and translator Mahadevi Varma, Sandhyagit, considered significant lyrics in the Chayavadi (Indian romanticism) tradition; Hindi Mahjoor, Taran-e Vatan, Kashmiri Mohan Singh, Save Pattar, Punjabi romantic lyrics Sir Muhammad Iqbal, Pas Chih Bayad Kard ay Aqwam-i-Sharq (or What should then be done O people of the East), philosophical poetry book in Persian (Iqbal also published a book in Urdu this year; see above) Sumitranandan Pant, Yugant, Hindi poems reflecting the author's transition from the Chayavad (Indian romanticism) tradition to Pragtivad Suryakant Tripathi Nirala, Gitika, including poems on God, the beauty of nature, women, national awakening and philosophy; Hindi
Spanish language
Peru Rafael Méndez Dorich, Dibujos animados (Lima)Web page titled Sol Negro website, retrieved August 20, 2011 Enrique Peña Barrenechea, Elegía a Bécquer y retorno a la sombraFitts, Dudley, editor, Anthology of Contemporary Latin-American Poetry/Antología de la Poesía Americana Contemporánea Norfolk, Conn., New Directions, (also London: The Falcoln Press, but this book was "Printed in U.S.A.), 1947, p 635 César Vallejo, Nómina de huesos ("Payroll of Bones")Web page titled "César Vallejo" at the website of the Academy of American Poets, retrieved August 28, 2011 José Varallanos, Primer cancionero cholo
Spain Federico García Lorca (killed this year; see deaths, below):